Overview
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- Keyboard Maestro 8 0 5 – Hot Key Tasking Solutions Using
- Keyboard Maestro 8 0 5 – Hot Key Tasking Solutions Inc
- Keyboard Maestro 8 0 5 – Hot Key Tasking Solutions Reviews
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A Macro executes a sequence of Macro Actions in series. There are many actions to choose from (detailed below), some simple actions, for example Sleep Computer, require no other information and simply do their job, while other more complex actions, for example Select Menu Item, require you to specify more information, such as a target application or menu name.
There are many powerful Macro Actions available for your use, and you can sequence them together to perform complex tasks.
Process Control
Process Control actions allow your to switch, quit, or hide applications. The actions are:
- Switch to Last Application
- switches back to the previous application you were in.
- Switch to Next Application
- switches to the next application (as defined by the Program Switcher sorting method).
- Activate Specific Application
- launches if necessary and brings the specified application to the front.
- Bring Application Windows Forward
- brings the all the windows of the current application to the front.
- Quit All Applications
- quits all foreground applications, optionally honoring the excluded application list.
- Quit Other Applications
- quits all foreground applications except the current one, optionally honoring the excluded application list.
- Quit Specific Application
- quits the specified application.
- Hide All Applications
- hides all foreground applications, optionally honoring the excluded application list.
- Hide Other Applications
- hides all foreground applications except the current one, optionally honoring the excluded application list.
- Hide Current Application
- hides the current application.
Interface Control
Interface Control actions allow you to interact with the user interface, selecting menus, clicking buttons, simulating keystrokes and so forth. The actions are:
- Manipulate Window
- resize, move, center, bring to front, close, zoom, or minimize the front window or a specified window.
- Move or Click Mouse
- move, click or move and click the mouse. You can specify modifiers such as the shift key, as well as the position, relative to any corner of the front window, the main screen, or the current mouse location.
- Select Menu Item
- select a specified menu item in the front or a specified application.
- Press Button
- press a named button in the front window.
- Simulate Keystroke
- simulate pressing a specified keystroke.
- Simulate Scroll Wheel
- simulate scrolling the mouse wheel up or down, left or right.
iTunes Control
iTunes Control actions allow you to interact with iTunes, playing songs, stopping or pausing, rewinding or fast-forwarding. All actions will launch iTunes if it is not already running. The actions are:
- Play Titled Song
- play a specified song.
- Play Titled Playlist
- play the songs in a specified Playlist.
- Play Random Song From Library
- play a random song.
- Play Random Song From Titled Playlist
- play a random song from a specified Playlist.
- Play/Pause
- toggle from playing to pausing or vice-versa.
- Pause
- pause the current song.
- Stop
- stop playing any song.
- Fast-Forward
- fast-forward the current song. It will keep fast-forwarding until you do something else or until it reaches the end of the song.
- Rewind
- rewind the current song. It will keep rewinding until you do something else or until it reaches the beginning of the song.
- Next Song
- play the next song.
- Previous Song
- Go to the previous song or the start of the current song if it is already playing.
- Increase/Decrease Volume
- Increase or decrease the iTunes volume.
System Control
System Control allows you to control your Mac. Most are pretty self explanatory. The actions are:
- Sleep Computer
- puts your Mac to sleep.
- Restart Computer
- restarts your Mac.
- Shutdown Computer
- shuts your Mac down.
- Log Out
- Log Out the current user.
- Activate Screen Saver
- starts the screen saver (could be especially useful if the screen saver requires a password to unlock it).
- Open/Close CD Tray
- Opens the CD tray if it is closed, or closes it if open (especially useful for keyboards that do not have an eject key).
- Toggle System Sound Mute
- Mutes the sound if sound is currently on, unmutes the sound if already muted.
- Increase/Decrease System Sound Volume
- Increases or decreases the sound volume.
- System Beep
- Play a simple beep (this can be useful for debugging complex Macros).
- Increase/Decrease Screen Brightness
- Increases or decreases the screen brightness.
Open
Open actions allow you to open files, folders, URLs or System Preference Panes. The actions are:
- Open File or Folder
- opens a specified file or folder. Don’t underestimate the power of this command as you can open bookmarks or other action documents to perform a lot of customized actions.
- Open URL
- open a URL with the appropriate helper.
- Open System Preference Pane
- opens a specified System Preference Pane.
Execute
Execute actions let you execute AppleScripts, Unix scripts or Automator Workflows. Unix scripts can be any kind of script, sh, zsh, tcsh, perl, python, and so on. The actions are:
- Execute AppleScript
- execute a specified AppleScript, either from a file or text. For example, “say 'hello'”.
- Execute Unix Script
- execute a specified Unix script, either from a file or text. For example, “pbpaste pbcopy”.
- Execute Automator Workflow
- execute a specified Automator Workflow.
If the AppleScript or Unix script generates any results, they can be optionally displayed in a floating window or briefly ina HUD window. For example, you could have a unix script date display briefly in a HUD window every hour.
These powerful actions allow you to add any new facilities we have not provided for, stringing them together with other actions as desired.
Clipboard
Clipboard actions let you manipulate the system clipboard, Named Clipboards and cut, copy or paste clipboard items. The actions are:
- Cut
- Copy, Paste,simulate command-X, command-C, or command-V keystrokes to Cut, Copy or Paste to/from the system clipboard.
- Insert Text
- insert the specified text. Tokens are provided to include such things as the time or date. Text can be inserted by setting the system clipboard and pasting, or by simulating a sequence of keystrokes.
- Use Named Clipboard
- cut, copy or paste to/from the specified Named Clipboard.
- Set Clipboard to Text
- set the system clipboard to text. Tokens are provided to include such things as the time or date.
- Set Clipboard to Past Clipboard
- set the system clipboard to some item that was previously copied to the system clipboard. This can be used to restore the system clipboard after another action sets the clipboard temporarily.
- Set Clipboard to Named Clipboard
- set the system clipboard to a specified Named Clipboard.
- Save Clipboard to Named Clipboard
- set the specified Named Clipboard to the current system clipboard.
- Apply BBEdit Text Factory
- apply any saved BBEdit Text Factory to the current system clipboard.
- Filter Clipboard
- apply one of a set of filters on the current system clipboard (see below for a list).
The Insert Text action can be very useful to insert standard text templates, such as your signature, address, copyright or other boilerplate text, and so on. If you ever get email from Peter, you will probably notice that many of his emails end with “Enjoy, Peter.” - with the amount of email he deals with, you don’t think he types that in every time do you?
Insert Text can expand various tokens, including dates in any ICU date format. For example, we use an Insert Text action to insert the copyright message at the top of code files:
Filter Clipboard can apply a number of possible transforms to the currect system clipboard:
- Remove Styles.
- Set line endings to Mac, Unix or Windows/DOS.
- Change case (Uppercase, Lowercase, Capitalize and John Gruber’s Title Case).
- Trim Whitespace or Wrap or Unwrap text.
- Change quotes to Smart, Dumb or French.
- Encode and decode HTML entities.
- Delete or Bullet control characters.
- Count characters, words or lines.
We will likely expand the list of possible filters, so if you have specific filtering needs that you think might be of general inbterest, please let us know. Alternatively, in the mean time, remember that you can apply scripted filters using a unix or AppleScript, for example the unix script:
is roughly equivalent to the Lowercase filter, except that it only works with ASCII characters.
Activate Switcher
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Keyboard Maestro includes several powerful switchers, including Program Switcher, Window Switcher, and Copy, Cut and Paste Clipboard Switchers and Clipboard History Switcher.
Each of these switchers is actually just a macro action, triggered like any other macro. By default Keyboard Maestro creates a Macro Group called Switcher Group which includes the following macros:
- Clipboard Switcher Copy
- copies the current selection to a selected named clipboard (command-shift-C).
- Clipboard Switcher Cut
- cuts the current selection to a selected named clipboard (command-shift-X).
- Clipboard Switcher Paste
- pastes the selected named clipboard into the current system clipboard and current selection (command-shift-V).
- Clipboard History Switcher
- pastes a previous system clipboard from the clipboard history into the current system clipboard and current selection (command-control-shift-V).
- Program Switcher
- activates the Program Switcher (option-Tab).
- Window Switcher
- activates the Window Switcher (control-Tab).
You can create your own macros using these actions or adjust their triggers within the Switcher Group.
Unfortunately, the system program switcher uses command-Tab with no way to disable it, so that hot key is not available for your use, which is kind of ironic since Keyboard Maestro and its predecessor, Program Switcher, were providing this functionality long before it was available as part of the system software. A recent bug report to Apple on this resulted in the not-very-promising response of “At this point, though, Engineering believes the issue behaves as intended.”.
Record Quick Macro
Recording is a new facility introduced in Keyboard Maestro 3. It allows Keyboard Maestro to watch you as you perform a task and create the actions to produce a similar result.
Record Quick Macro is a variant of this that you can activate at any time without even launching Keyboard Maestro. You trigger the recording, and then perform a series of actions, and then turn off recording. Then press the associated hot key to replay the recording.
By default, Keyboard Maestro creates a macro triggered by control-F1 which executes the Record Quick Macro action with a hot key of option-F1. So for example, if you press control-F1 to start quick recording, type “hello” and then press control-F1 again to finish recording, then Keyboard Maestro will type “hello” each time you press option-F1.
Because you cannot see or edit the recorded actions, it is best to keep them very simple. A good rule of thumb would be not to touch the mouse, just use the keyboard.
For example, say you wanted to quote dozen different words in a paragraph, you could click in the middle of the first word, press control-F1 to start quick recording, type option-left arrow, quote ('), option-right arrow, quote ('), and then control-F1 again to finish recording. Now click in the middle of each remaining word and press option-F1.
Pause
The Pause action lets you pause in the middle of a sequence of actions. You can use this to get a visual break in your sequence of actions (eg for a slideshow), or to allow time for the applications affected by previous actions to 'catch up' before continuing.
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Installation
To install Keyboard Maestro, simply copy it to you Mac’s application folder (or really, anywhere you like). When you launch Keyboard Maestro for the first time after each login, Keyboard Maestro installs an invisible “hot key daemon” that continues to run even after you quit Keyboard Maestro. The hot key daemon is the process that enables your Hot Keys, Program Switcher, and Clipboard Switcher to work. This means that your hot keys, Program Switcher, and Clipboard Switcher will continue to work after you quit Keyboard Maestro, as long as the hot key daemon is still running.
If you place Keyboard Maestro into your System Preferences Login panel’s list of “start up” applications, the main Keyboard Maestro application will assume that your true intentions are to have the hot key daemon installed. As a result, if Keyboard Maestro is launched by the Login panel, it will install the hot key daemon, then automatically quit. This conveniently enables you to always have Keyboard Maestro’s hot keys, Program Switcher, and Clipboard Switcher features available to you.
Hot Keys
Keyboard Maestro can be configured to execute actions when a special keystroke is pressed. The combination of the action and special keystroke is also known as a hot key.
Keyboard Maestro’s Hot Key Tab
The hot key tab has four basic elements:
- Hot Key List
- The hot key list displays all hot keys you have defined in Keyboard Maestro. In the list, you can directly set an individual hot key’s active status by checking or unchecking the check box next to the hot key name. The hot key list may be navigated from the keyboard with the arrow keys. Furthermore, pressing the return key will start the editing process for the currently selected hot key, and pressing the delete key will remove the currently selected hot key from the list. You can edit either the hot key name or the hot key activation keystroke directly from the hot key list.
- Create New Hot Key
- Clicking this button will open a hot key editor window in which you define the new hot key you wish to create.
- Save Changes
- Clicking this button will any changes you have made in Keyboard Maestro immediately active.
Creating Hot Keys
To create a hot key, click the “Create New Hot Key” button in the Hot Key Tab. Keyboard Maestro will present you with a Hot Key Editor window:
Hot Key Editor
The Hot Key Editor has several elements to it that you must adjust in order to create the exact hot key you wish. These elements are:
- Hot Key Name
- You can give each hot key a name by editing the text in the Hot Key Name text field. You may name your hot keys in any manner you chose. Keyboard Maestro assigns suggested names to hot keys with one action. You may use the suggested name or create one of your own.
- Keystroke
- This field is where you edit the hot key’s keystroke trigger. To change the trigger, simply click in the editable area to make it active, then press the keystroke you wish to the trigger. If for some reason the keystroke you pressed is not usable, Keyboard Maestro will warn you and explain why, then reset the keystroke to its original value.
- New Action Pop-Up Menu
- Select an action type to append to the action list from this menu. When you select an action type, that action’s editor sheet will immediately drop down so that you can set up the action with your desired parameters.
- Application Targeting Button
- Click this button to set up the hot key to be active in all or only some applications. This feature is useful to make the same keystroke perform different hot keys in different application. Note that you will not be allowed to have the same keystroke trigger more than on hot key in the same application.
- Action List
- The action list contains all the actions this hot key will perform when triggered. Each action will be performed in the order shown in this list, waiting until the action prior to it has been completed. You may adjust the actions’ respective order simply by dragging-and-dropping the actions to a new position.
- Save and Cancel Buttons
- The save button will save all the changes you have made to the hot key under edit, while the cancel button will discard any changes and dismiss the editor window.
Action Types
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- Sleep, Shutdown, or Restart Computer
- Activate Screen Saver
- Open/Close CD Tray Door
- Toggle Sound Mute
- Increase or Decrease System Volume
Program Switcher
Program Switcher is essentially a highly specialized hot key that enables you to launch, switch, hide, and quit applications with one keystroke. Program Switcher is based on Mac OS X’s command-tab application switcher, but with more features and flexibility.
Program Switcher enables you to switch between all running applications. You do this by pressing the Activating Key Sequence to make the Application Switching Window to appear. Once the Application Switching Window appears you may select the application or window to activate, and Program Switcher will take you there.
Basic Concepts
- Program Switcher Keystroke
- This is a pair of keys that you press to activate the application or window switching feature of Program Switcher. This sequence defaults to option and tab for application switching. This key sequences may be altered on the Program Switcher Tab of Keyboard Maestro. When pressing this keystroke, be sure that you hold down the activator key (usually the option, control, or command key) prior to pressing the switching key (usually, the tab key). To cancel an application switch that is in progress, press the escape key.
- Application Switching Window
- This window is displayed when you press the Program Switcher Keystroke. The Application Switching window will contain a list of all the running applications. The Application Switching Window will remain open as long as you keep the activating key of the Activating Key Sequence held down. When you let go of the activating key, the Application Switching Window will disappear and the application that was selected will be brought to the front of all other running applications. You may select an application in the Application Switching Window by repeatedly pressing the switching key (Tab) of the Activating Key Sequence while continuously holding down the activator key (option). You may also select an application by clicking on it with the mouse in the Application Switching Window.
- Launchable and Excluded Applications
- You can define specific applications to be on either Program Switcher’s launchable or excluded applications list. If an application is on the launchable application list, it will always show up in the application switching window, even if it is not running. If you select in the application switching window a launchable application that is not running, Program Switcher will automatically launch it for you. Applications listed in the excluded applications list will not be shown in the application switching window, even if they are running. This is useful for daemon-like applications that you would like to always have running, but you do not want to clutter the application switching window with applications you will not regularly switch to.
There are also a variety of special keys that may be used while the Application Switching Window is active. The following table list these special keys and their function:
- Q - Marks an application to be quit if it is running
- Z - Marks an application to be launched if it is not running
- S - Marks an application to be hidden (or unhidden)
- F - Immediately selects the Finder in the Program Switcher window
- A - Toggles the display of the launchable application list
- E - Toggles the display of the excluded applications list
Configuring Program Switcher
You may configure Program Switcher’s options from the Program Switcher Tab in Keyboard Maestro’s main window:
Program Switcher Tab
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- Never - No automatic hiding.
- Only When Switching - Only hide background applications when Program Switcher is used to switch applications.
- Always - Always hide background applications, even if Program Switcher was not used to switch to a new application.
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In all cases, Program Switcher will not change the hidden state of those applications on the excluded applications list.- Use Order - displays the applications in the order of last use. That is, the current application is listed first, the last application you used is listed second, the application you used before that is listed third, and so on.
- Alphabetical - lists applications alphabetically by their name.
- Launch Order - displays the applications in order of their launch.
Clipboard Switcher
Clipboard Switcher enables you to define any number of clipboards which can be use to copy or cut into and paste from in any application. To use Clipboard Switcher, you simply press configurable keystrokes for Clipboard Switcher’s Copy, Cut, and Paste actions. When copying and cutting, Clipboard Switcher will present you with a window allowing you to select the clipboard to copy/cut into. When pasting, Clipboard Switcher will present you with a window allowing you to select the clipboard to past from.
You can configure Clipboard Switcher’s keystrokes from the Clipboard Switcher tab in Keyboard Maestro:
Clipboard Switcher Tab
- Clipboard Switcher Active
- This check box turns the Clipboard Switcher feature on and off.
- Copy Activation Keystroke
- This is the keystroke used to activate Clipboard Switcher’s copy action. Change the keystroke by clicking the in the keystroke’s text box and pressing the desired keystroke.
- Cut Activation Keystroke
- This is the keystroke used to activate Clipboard Switcher’s cut action. Change the keystroke by clicking the in the keystroke’s text box and pressing the desired keystroke.
- Paste Activation Keystroke
- This is the keystroke used to activate Clipboard Switcher’s paste action. Change the keystroke by clicking the in the keystroke’s text box and pressing the desired keystroke.
- Current Clipboards
- This is a list of the current clipboards being managed by Clipboard Switcher. You may rename a clipboard simply by clicking in the clipboard’s name, and then editing the clipboard name text. You may delete a clipboard simply by selecting the clipboard and pressing the delete key.
Last update: 24 Aug 2004